Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights is quite frankly one of
the best works in classic English literature. It has a strong narrative. It’s
not only a gripping read but also a gorgeously crafted piece of fiction. Though
it is often termed as a love story, what you will find in abundance is hate,
disgust, revenge, sadness, madness, and a few supernatural instances as well.
You will find yourself hating each and
every character. Wuthering Heights is still astoundingly beautiful and the only
novel by Emily Brontë as she died shortly after the novel was published.
The novel comprises of a small world with a handful of
characters with the settings either at Thrushcross Grange or the Wuthering
Heights. On a very basic level, the novel is the story of love between Mr.
Heathcliff and Catherine and how that affected or rather destroyed their lives
and that of those around them as well.
The story begins with Mr. Lockwood, a young and wealthy
man, who is a tenant at Thrushcross Grange. On reaching the place, he decided
to pay a visit to the landlord, Mr. Heathcliff, who lives at Wuthering Heights.
Mr. Lockwood describes Heathcliff as a grumpy and ungracious host. Heathcliff
lives with Cathy Heathcliff, his daughter-in-law, and Hareton Earnshaw who he
treats very harshly like a servant, and yet, his name, ‘Earnshaw,’ adorns over
the front door. On one of his succeeding visit to Wuthering Heights, Lockwood
is forced to shelter there overnight due to a turbulent snowstorm where he
encounters a ghostly visitation of the by then dead Catherine.
After a terrified and sick Lockwood returns home to
Thrushcross Grange, he coaxes the housekeeper, Nelly Dean, who has earlier
worked at Wuthering Heights, into telling him the story of those bizarre
inhabitants at the Heights. She recounts a very complicated story of two
families, the Earnshaws and the Lintons.
Mr. Earnshaw, a gentleman, owns Wuthering Heights.
He has two children, Hindley and Catherine, and adopts a third, Heathcliff. Hindley is jealous of
Heathcliff because both his father and his sister are very fond of the
youngster. To avoid strife, Mr. Earnshaw sends Hindley away to college, during
which time Catherine and Heathclifff become extremely close. Mr. Earnshaw dies,
and Hindley, with a new wife, returns to claim Wuthering Heights. Still bitter,
Hindley forces Heathcliff to give up his education and treats him like a
servant. Hindley's wife dies soon after giving birth to a baby boy, Hareton.
Hindley descends into alcoholism, though he continues to abuse and mistreat
Heathcliff.
Catherine is injured during one of the moor excursions
with Heathcliff and the Lintons at Thrushcross Grange carry her into their
home and dismiss Heathcliff.
The Lintons have two children—Edgar and Isabella, well
mannered and gracious. Catherine stays with them for five weeks while she
recovers and returns home as a graceful and cultured young woman enticed by
Edgar's wealth and blonde beauty.
As they grow up, Edgar falls in love with Catherine and
proposes her. Although her feelings for Heathcliff is very deep, Catherine
tells Nelly that she can't marry Heathcliff because of how Hindley has degraded
him. Heathcliff overhears Catherine and flees Wuthering Heights that night
deeply hurt by the betrayal.
Three years pass. Hindley and his wife have a child named,
Hareton. After his wife dies, Hindley loses himself into gambling and alcohol,
neglecting Hareton and leaving his upbringing to Nelly. Catherine marries Edgar
Linton where she lives with a loving husband and sister-in-law and all is well
until Heathcliff returns who is now rich and dignified but just as wild and
ravaging. He moves into Wuthering Heights and is welcomed by Hindley who is
piled under debts and lusts after Heathcliff’s wealth. Catherine is overly
happy to see him while Edgar resents him to the core. He tries to keep them
apart but Catherine continues to meet Heathcliff. Catherine tells Heathcliff,
on one of the subsequent meetings, that Isabella has a crush on him.
The growing proximity between Isabella and Heathcliff
(which is actually Heathcliff’s plan of action to destroy the Lintons) and
Edgar’s demand that she must choose one between him and Heathcliff vexes her
and she responds by locking herself and refusing to eat for three days. She
falls severely ill. Not knowing this, Heathcliff elopes with Isabella and both
get married. As a result, Edgar ceases all ties with Isabella.
Edgar nurses Catherine for two months. Her health
improves somewhat, though not completely. She also discovers that she is
pregnant. At Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff treats Isabella terribly from the
moment after their wedding, and Isabella realizes that he is still in love with
Catherine.
Concerned about her well being, Heathcliff visits
Catherine in Edgar’s absence where they both profess their deep and continuing
love for each other despite being married to different people.
That night, Catherine gives birth to a girl who is named
Cathy and dies a few hours later. Catherine is buried in a spot overlooking the
moors where she used to play with Heathcliff as a child.
Her death leaves Edgar, who truly loved her, heartbroken
and Heathcliff turns more into a fanatic. Isabella, pregnant, escapes from
Heathcliff’s brutality to London, where she gives birth to a baby boy, whom she
names Linton. A few years later, she also dies. Hindley, who is deeply indebted
to Heathcliff, dies soon after and his son, Hareton is then subjected to the
same subjugation as him by Heathcliff. Heathcliff thereby becomes the owner of
Wuthering Heights.
Edgar Linton brings his nephew Linton home after twelve
years. By then, Cathy has grown into a beautiful young woman while Hareton
grows into an illiterate and coarse youth. Heathcliff insists that his son
Linton come to live with him at Wuthering Heights. As Linton, a weak, sick, and
spineless child much to the dismay of Heathcliff, grows up in Wuthering
Heights, a mutual liking develops between him and Cathy. Heathcliff
deliberately cultivates a friendship between them with an ulterior motive.
Cathy and Linton write secret, loving letters to each
other since they’re forbidden by Edgar to meet. Heathcliff encourages their
infatuation as he wants them to marry so he can get his hands on Thrushcross
Grange too.
Edgar Linton’s health begin to degrade. In order to get
them both married, Heathcliff kidnaps Cathy and Nelly Dean and keeps them
captive until a forced wedding is performed and Cathy becomes Linton’s
wife.
Edgar dies. Cathy escapes from the captivity just in time
to meet her father before he dies but is soon taken back to the Heights by
Heathcliff. Edgar is buried next to Catherine. Linton dies soon after that, and
Heathcliff, as he previously planned for, now owns both Wuthering Heights and
Thrushcross Grange. Cathy reluctantly lives with Heathcliff and Hareton at
Wuthering Heights. This brings the story up to the present when Lockwood has
rented Thrushcross Grange.
Lockwood goes back to London but comes back to the moors
some eight months later to find many changes. Heathcliff is dead. Nelly tells
him that he died mourning for Catherine. He no longer felt the need to continue
his revenge spree as Hareton reminded him of his own younger self and Cathy
reminded him of her fierce, bold, and beautiful mother. Cathy and Hareton have
struck up a friendship and have fallen in love. Lockwood does not meet anyone
other than Nelly Dean on this trip, but he does see Cathy and Hareton walking
out, hand in hand, with love.
Wuthering Heights is an intensely sensitive book. An
engrossing tale of revenge, deaths and malice, pride, and corruption of love.
It displays varying forms of love. Heathcliff and
Catherine’s love is passionate yet agonizing for others. Although the love
between them is pure in all respect and rooted deep within themselves, it is
also terribly destructive.
The love shared between Edgar and Catherine is, however,
peaceful and comfortably radiant. Although not being as intense as the former
one, theirs was a socially acceptable love.
The so-called love between Linton and Cathy was merely a
set up by Heathcliff that had its root in pity felt by young Cathy towards
Linton whereby Linton gets Cathy to love him by playing on her desires to
protect him. And finally, there is this love between Hareton and Cathy. Way
above any emotion the entire book has in its store. It is gentle, understanding,
and soft.
Nearly all of the action in Wuthering Heights results
from one or another character's desire for revenge. The result is cycles of
revenge that seem to endlessly repeat.
One of the quotes from the book reads:
“I have not broken your heart – you have broken
it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine.”
It so perfectly illustrates the cycle that kept
this book going.
It is like a nightmare that is preventing you to
get up from the slumber. Undeniably well-crafted, this book will make you feel
trapped in the moors or a dark towering manor and hear people screaming or
resenting one another. To sum it, Wuthering Heights is not a romantic tale of
love and affection with a happily-ever-after. It is a bitter and twisted story
of all the worst ways humans can corrupt emotions.